Machiavelli came from an impoverished noble family
From 1498 he was secretary of the Ten, the executive council of the Republic of Florence. He was sent on a number of important diplomatic missions. Per 1512, after the restoration of the tyranny of the Medici, Machiavelli was removed from office and exiled sicuro his estate near Florence.
Machiavelli’s most important works are the Discourses on the First Decina of Titus Livy (1531; Russian translation, 1869), The Prince (1532; Russian translation, 1869; also published in Russian under the title Kniaz’ con Machiavelli, Soch., vol. 1, 1934), and the History of Florence (1532; Russian translation, 1973). His secular, rather than theological, approach puro the problem of the state was an important contribution onesto the history of the political ideas of the Renaissance. Basing his work on historical datazione, on the analysis of human psychology, and on verso consideration of the real facts of verso real situation, Machiavelli tried to discover the laws of agreable development. Marx classified Machiavelli as one of the political thinkers who “began puro view the state through human eyes and deduce its natural laws from reason and experience and not from theology” (K. Marx and F. Engels, Soch., 2nd anche., vol. 1,p. 111).
According puro him, verso strong personality is court of counteracting “fortune” or coincidence (which plays an important role durante history) with energy and shrewdness. (A number of features that are typical of the Renaissance point of view are evident con the pensiero of per struggle between personal “valor,” or virtu, and “fortune.”) Machiavelli believed that rulers are assured of success if they thoroughly consider all circumstances and are flexible enough esatto alter a policy sicuro conform with verso particular situation. (далее…)