We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Table cuatro Organization between dowry/bride to be price (paid back from the when you look at the-rules off sisters, others on the town and area) and you may wife’s status on relationship household (OLS)
cuatro.3 Conversation and you will robustness monitors
Within the deciding this new ladies’ updates in the relationship home, the result of your online dowry (dowry without fiance price) could possibly get amount. Observe that the amount of deferred mehr is included individually out of the net dowry once the former is never reduced unless breakup happen and should not meet the requirements assets lead on matrimony. The outcomes recommend that this new possessions introduced to the ount) improve their particular choice-and come up with power and you will independence. Such positive relationships aren’t stunning once the this new contacts out of fiance speed paid off in the course of wedding work with avoid in order to the ones from dowry in the primary estimations.
Perhaps, a heightened age or degree improvement you’ll weaken the fresh new wife’s condition from the marital domestic. Along with many years difference together with studies huge difference (substitution new husband’s age and you will degree) cannot impact the main effects, and also the coefficients of those details are not extreme (Appendix Dining table nine, Committee B).
The estimate techniques are constant because of the replacing dowry and bride to be speed having web dowry (Appendix brightwomen.net buraya bir göz atın Desk nine, Committee An effective)
You to might believe what number of decades given that relationships is important since the effect from dowry (otherwise bride rate) would be higher soon after relationships. Including ages since the ount off dowry (replacing female’s years at wedding) magnifies the beds base effectation of dowry when you look at the women’s independency however, reduces its magnitude and the value peak into the women’s decision-making (Appendix Desk 9, Committee C). This simply means you to definitely a more impressive dowry increases the wife’s autonomy during the brand new relationship family shortly after matrimony; although not, new connection isn’t significantly influenced by brand new passing of ages due to the fact marriage.
No measure of gender ideology is roofed however estimate on account of endogeneity questions. One to you will believe addition of these measures get undermine the fresh relationship anywhere between dowry and you can ladies updates on relationship domestic. While we you should never deny the chance that needs and you will ideological values regarding the gender interactions commonly inherent and change across the marital lifetime, new estimation processes is actually constant by and additionally a couple of strategies to own child preference: the original variable means that in the event the wife’s finest level of sons was more than that daughters and also the second means you to when the spouse desires to give advanced schooling so you’re able to sons as opposed to so you’re able to daughters. Dealing with for gender ideology doesn’t drastically affect the chief estimate overall performance (Appendix Table 9, Committee D). Surprisingly, women’s decision-making was surely regarding the son liking. Yet not, it’s adversely from the liking to have bringing higher education to help you sons as compared with daughters. A possible translation would be the fact very knowledgeable female may be facing gender inequality within the education and be alot more empowered regarding relationship household but favor which have a lot more sons than daughters. So it seems in keeping with specific current training demonstrating you to young man liking is more common one of extremely knowledgeable feminine rather than uneducated women for the Southern area China (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you may Preston 1991).